句法学的句法学简介

任何一种语言的句法规则都包含了说话者的头脑中的语言知识系统（被称为语言能力）。任何语言的句法规则的数量是有限的，但说话者可以理解和表达的句子的数量是无限的。 What is syntax
----a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.
Categories
Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. The most central categories to the syntactic study are the word-level categories (traditionally, parts of speech)
Phrase categories and their structures
Phrase categories----the syntactic units that are built around a certain word category are called phrase categories, such as NP(N),VP(V), AP(A), PP(P).
Phrase structure rules
The grammatical mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements that make up a phrase is called a phrase structure rule, such as:
(Det) + N+(PP)……e.g. those people, the fish on the plate, pretty girls.àNP
(Qual) + V +(NP)……e.g. always play games, finish assignments.àVP
(Deg) + A +(PP)……very handsome, very pessimistic, familiar with, very close toàAP
(Deg) + P +(NP)……on the shelf, in the boat, quite near the station.àPP
Noun Categories
Number 数
Gender 性
Case 格