氯化石蜡

Chlorinated paraffins are manufactured by the chlorination of n-paraffin or paraffin wax, normally in a batch process. The reaction is exothermic and leads to the generation of the by-product hydrochloric acid. After removing residual traces of acid, a stabiliser is added to produce finished batches.

Chlorinated paraffins, which contain 30-70% chlorine, are largely inert and almost insoluble in water. Paraffins have extremely low vapour pressure. Most commercial chlorinated paraffin products are liquid and range from relatively low to extremely high viscosity. There are also solid types which have longer carbon chain lengths and usually contain 70-72% chlorine.

Increasing the chlorine content results in products with higher viscosity and density. Chlorinated paraffins are capable of mixing with many organic solvents such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, ketones and esters.

How various commercial products differ
The range of chlorinated paraffins available are generally grouped into a number of distinct 'families', depending on the chain-length of the feedstock, i.e.:

short-chain
based on C10-13 paraffin

medium-chain
based on C14-17 paraffin

long-chain
based on C18-20 (liquids), C>20 (liquids) and C20 wax grades (average carbon chain length approximately C25)

This distinction is important when considering toxicity or environmental effects as it has been found that these can vary depending on the chain length.

Liquid grades of chlorinated paraffin are produced from each of these feedstock types. The solid grades (with 70-72% chlorine content) are made from a wax feedstock.

Quantities of chlorinated paraffin produced
The total world production of chlorinated paraffins is approximately 300,000 tonnes per year.

Major producers
INEOS Chlor, Caffaro, Química del Cinca, Leuna Tenside and Novácke Chemické Závody in the EU; Dover Chemicals in North America; NCP Exports in South Africa; Orica in Australia. There are numerous other producers in Asia, principally in India, China, Taiwan (Handy) and Japan (Tosoh).

The following companies are members of the Chlorinated Paraffins SG:

Caffaro (Italy)
INEOS Chlor (United Kingdom and France)
Leuna Tenside (Germany)
Química del Cinca (Spain)
and Associate members:

NCP (South Africa)
Novácke Chemické Závody (Slovakia).

氯化石蜡是石蜡烃的氯化衍生物，具有低挥发性、阻燃、电绝缘性良好、价廉等优点，可用作阻燃剂和聚氯乙烯助增塑剂。广泛用于生产电缆料、地板料、软管、人造革、橡胶等制品。以及应用于涂料、润滑油等的添加剂。
氯化石蜡42为淡黄色粘稠液体。凝固点-30℃，相对密度1.16（25/25℃），不溶于水，溶于有机溶剂和各种矿物油中。
氯化石蜡52为浅黄色至黄色油状粘稠液体。凝固点<-20℃，相对密度（25/25℃）1.22-1.26。溶于苯、醚，微溶于醇，不溶于水。
氯化石蜡70为树脂状粉末，白色或淡黄色，相对密度1.65（25/4℃）。
分子式：C24H29CL21
性状：白色至淡黄色固体粉末，无臭无味，无毒，
化学稳定性好。
质量指标：
氯含量% 68-72
软化点℃ ≥90
酸值(mgkOH/g) ≤0.5
粒度(20目筛)% 100
热稳定性% ≤0.3
水份% ≤0.3
四氯化碳含量% ≤0.05
用途：适用于各类产品阻燃之用。广泛应用在塑料、橡胶、纤维等工业领域作增塑剂，织物和包装材料的表面处理剂，粘接材料和涂料的改良剂，高压润滑和金属切削加工的抗磨剂，防霉剂、防水剂，油墨添加剂等。