M=S(k)
=a1+a2+a3+…+a(k)
N=S(2k)-S(k)
=a(k+1)+a(k+2)+a(k+3)+…+a(2k)
P=S(3k)-S(2k)
=a(2k+1)+a(2k+2)+…+a(3k)
则:
N-M=[a(k+1)-a1]+[a(k+2)-a2]+…+[a(2k)-a(k)]
=kd+kd+kd+…+kd
=k²d
P-N=[a(2k+1)-a(k+1)]+[a(2k+2)-a(k+2)]+…+[a(3k)-a(2k)]
=kd+kd+kd+…+kd
=k²d
即:N-M=P-N
则:M、N、P成等差数列
即:S(k)、S(2k)-S(k)、S(3k)-S(2k)成等差数列。