1. du/dr = du/dx * dx/dr + du/dy * dy/dr + du/dz * dz/dr
= du/dx sinψcosθ + du/dy sinψsinθ + du/dz cosψ
= 1/r [xdu/dx + ydu/dy +zdu/dz) =0
所以u与r无关,只是ψ和θ的函数
2.同理,
du/dθ = du/dx dx/dθ + du/dy dy/dθ + du/dz dz/dθ
= -rsinθsinψ du/dx + rsinψcosθdu/dy
= -r^2sin^2ψ sinθ cosθ[du/dx /x - du/dy /y]=0
同理可以怎么du/dψ =0
所以u只与r有关