求翻译~~~

As more states require high school students to pass competence exams before graduating, evidence suggests that cheating among is also on the rise. Many educators are concerned about dishonest behavior among examiners, and have launched a number of campaigns to control cheating. In spite of their efforts, however, cheating seems to be increasingly contagions among students in both high schools and universities. Numerous arguments have been made about the cause of this widespread problem. Some experts believe it is linked to changes in American society as a whole since, unlike earlier times, modern America is largely a nation of strangers. Additionally, moral values are not taught or reinforced as they were in "the good old days."The author, Janet Graham, writing about the profits of praise, tells us that praiseful comments are in fact much more constructive than critical remarks. She recalls distinctly her first day as a waitress: Just as she was feeling so tried that she wanted to quit, a compliment from a gentleman she had waited on removed her weariness. According to Graham, hard and dirty work which deserves to be appreciated is often ignored even though it would be so easy to comment favorably if the job is well-done. Without an occasional pat on the back, one may easily become discouraged, particularly with routine tasks at work and dull household chores at home.