①a 4 +(1-a)(1+a)(1+a 2 ), =a 4 +(1-a 2 )(1+a 2 ), =a 4 +1-a 4 , =1; ②(2x-1) 2 -(2x+1) 2 , =[(2x-1)+(2x+1)][(2x-1)-(2x+1)], =(2x-1+2x+1)(2x-1-2x-1), =4x•(-2), =-8x.