∵a+b=6①,a 3 +b 3 =(a+b)(a 2 -ab+b 2 )=72. ∴a 2 -ab+b 2 =12②; ① 2 -②可得:3ab=24, ∴ab=8③; 把③代入②得a 2 +b 2 =20. 故答案为:20.