求化学文献翻译

The latest material development is aimed at further increasing the strength of such ceramics through the incorporation of fibers or whiskers.Whisker-reinforced ceramic composites hold the promise of quasi-ductile strength behavior.The whisker reinforcing principle is based on activation of the following mechanisms:transfer of stress from the matrix material to the high-strength reinforcing components through the introduction of whiskers with Young✀s moduli,generating compressive stresses in the matrix by introducing whiskerswith higher thermal expansion coefficients,impeding crack propagation through the whiskers, diverting the cracks along the whisker-matrix interface,and inducing microcracking by differerces in the mechanical and thermal properties of the whiskers and the matrix. However,the bonding forces between the whiskers and matrix should be kept low enough to ensure that dynamic stress will only pull the whiskers out of the matrix instead of tearing them apart.In whisker-reinforced ceramics,the mechanisms described may occur in superimposition.