用英文介绍下壮族语言~

壮族语言文化 Zhuang Language and Culture 壮语属汉藏语系壮侗语族壮傣语支。境内壮族操北部方言，语言与广西武鸣、南宁地区相通。南宋时，以汉字的形、音、义为基础，曾创造了“土俗字”，用来书写经文、诗歌、记事等，因使用范围狭窄，流传不广。195年，党和政府曾帮助壮族创制了一种以拉丁字母为基础的壮文，但未在境内壮族中推广，至今仍用汉文。 建国以来，壮族子女上学读书的逐年增多。1990年，全县壮族中有硕士研究生1名，大学本科毕业生1名，大学专科毕业生4名，中专毕业生8名，高中毕业生18名，初中毕业生146名。他们当中，有的成为各级党政领导干部，有的是专业部门的业务骨干。 Zhuang is a Sino-Tibetan language family Zhuang Zhuang-Dong Dai language branch. Zhuang exercises in the northern dialect, language and Wuming, Guangxi, Nanning regional similarities. Southern Song Dynasty when the Chinese characters of the shape, sound and meaning-based, he created a "Tusu word" used to write scriptures, poems, notes and so on, due to the use of a narrow range, not widely spread. 195 years, the party and the government has helped create a kind of Zhuang to the Zhuang language based on the Latin alphabet, but not in the territory of Zhuang ethnic group in the promotion, still using Chinese. Since the founding, Zhuang their children to school to study increasing year by year. In 1990, the county has Master Zhuang 1, university graduates 1, university graduates of four, eight secondary school graduates, high school graduates 18, 146 junior high school graduates. Some of them have become the party and government leading cadres at all levels, some professional sectors of the business backbone. 境内壮族民间文学主要是口头流传的《创世纪》、《人祖起源》、《谷物起源》以及记述山川河流、日月星辰等自然变化现象和人间悲欢离合等神话、传说、故事、歌谣。壮族男女老少都能歌善唱，逢年过节，婚丧嫁娶，起房盖屋等节庆场合，都能听到对歌声，如果不会对歌，则往往处于尴尬境地。如婚嫁时，女家门口设张桌子，双方以桌为界对歌，如男家赢了，讨亲的可从桌子上进屋，输了就得从桌下爬。 常用的乐器有笛子、喷呐、口弦等。节日喜庆场合用笛子，白事吹唤呐，青年男女传情嬉戏则吹口弦。另外，吹木叶在壮族中也很流行。 工艺美术主要有雕刻、刺绣、蜡染等。雕刻分石雕、木雕两种。石雕有墓碑上的花鸟图案，如“二女献寿”、“双龙抢宝”、“金鸡灭火”、“双狮守门”和村寨前的石狮、石虎等。木雕主要是乐器、用具上的装饰花纹、图案，也有雕刻狮子和狗等动物模型，榨甘蔗、熬红糖时，做成糖狮子、糖狗出售或送亲朋好友。刺绣是壮族妇女传统的手工艺，也是衡量妇女聪明才智的标准之一。从婴儿兜肚、褪释、背布到妇女的鞋帽衣裙，无不用彩色丝线绣上虫鸟花卉和各种美丽的图案。蜡染主要有“点蜡慢”，它是妇女用纺织的麻布制作的。改革开放以来，已被轻纺织品取代。 Zhuang folk literature is mainly within the oral tradition of the "Genesis", "human ancestors originated," "Grain of origin" as well as accounts of mountains and rivers, sun, moon and stars and other natural phenomena and human joys and sorrows and other changes in myths, legends, stories, songs. Zhuang men and women can be good songs to sing, Chinese New Year, weddings and funerals, build houses from the Housing festive occasions, can hear the right songs, if not singing in antiphonal style, are often in an awkward position. Such as marriage, the women set up tables at the door, the two sides is bounded by singing in antiphonal style tables, such as the groom's win, and discuss the pro's can be from a desk inside, lost have to crawl from under the table. Commonly used instruments are flute, spray-na, mouth and other strings. Festive occasions, with the flute, white matter blown call na, young men and women playing the mouthpiece teaser string. In addition, the blowing Kiba is also very popular in the Zhuang ethnic group. Arts and crafts, mainly sculpture, embroidery, batik and so on. Stone carving points, two kinds of wood. There tombstones stone flower and bird designs, such as "two women Hsien-shou", "Two Dragons Fighting Bao", "Golden Chicken Fire," "Shuangshi gatekeeper" and the village before the lions, tigers and so on. Wood is mainly musical instruments, appliances, decorative patterns on, pattern, there are carved lions and dogs and other animal models, pressing sugar cane, brown sugar, boil when the lion made of sugar, sugar sold or sent to friends and family dog. Embroidery is the Zhuang women's traditional handicrafts, but also one of the criteria to measure women's wisdom and intelligence. From infancy Doudu, faded release, back cloth to the women's dress shoes, No need color silk embroidered flowers, birds and insects and a variety of beautiful patterns. Batik main "point wax slow", it is the women's linen of textile production. Since the reform and opening up has been replaced by light textiles.

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