整句话的意思应该是, 撒哈拉沙漠的干涸迫使许多人往南迁徙到撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区。
The drying up of what is now the Sahara desert 作整个句子的主语 had pushed 是谓语,many people 是宾语。
主语The drying up of what is now the Sahara desert 中,由 of + what is now the Sahara desert 组成介宾结构, 所以整个what is now the Sahara desert 是of 的宾语。
what is now the Sahara desert 这单个句子中,What 作主语,是What引导的主语从句。